A rainbow is caused by sunlight being refracted, or 'bent', and reflected back towards the observer by raindrops. By this refraction, sunlight is
broken up into its component colours - red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet - the colours of the rainbow from the outside to the inside of the arc. Rainbows always form on the side of the observer opposite the Sun.
Mankind always seems to have regarded rainbows as good news. In the Bible story of Noah's Ark, after the flood, God put a rainbow in the sky as a sign that there would be no more floods. A legend maintains that, if you dig at the spot where the rainbow touches the ground, you will find a pot of gold buried there.
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